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Fig. 2. CuB induced <t>NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD-mediated</t> pyroptosis. a The morphology changes of A549 cells after treatment with CuB (100 nM) for 8 h (Scale bar=25 µm). b The features of pyroptosis in A549 cells were detected by TEM (Scale bar=2 µm). c The expression of GSDMD-FL, GSDMD-N, pro-IL-1β, mature IL-1β, <t>and</t> <t>HMGB1</t> in A549 cells. d Immunofluorescence detection of the expression of HMGB1 in A549 cells (Scale bar=20 µm). e The EGFP-NLRP3 and OFPSpark-NEK7 fluorescence were examined by immunofluorescence assay (Scale bar=7.5 µm). f Co-IP analysis of the interaction between NEK7 and NLRP3 in A549 cells after treatment with CuB (100 nM) for 24 h in the presence of VX765 (60 µm). g The expression of NLRP3, NEK7, ASC, pro-caspase-1, and cleaved caspase-1 in A549 cells. h, i Immunofluorescence detection of the caspase-1 expression (Scale bar=25 µm) and ASC dot formation in A549 cells (Scale bar=7.5 µm). j Annexin V and 7-AAD double staining assay was used to confirm CuB (100 nM)-induced pyroptosis in A549 cells.
Antibodies For Gsdmd, supplied by Cell Signaling Technology Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 95/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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Fig. 2. CuB induced <t>NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD-mediated</t> pyroptosis. a The morphology changes of A549 cells after treatment with CuB (100 nM) for 8 h (Scale bar=25 µm). b The features of pyroptosis in A549 cells were detected by TEM (Scale bar=2 µm). c The expression of GSDMD-FL, GSDMD-N, pro-IL-1β, mature IL-1β, <t>and</t> <t>HMGB1</t> in A549 cells. d Immunofluorescence detection of the expression of HMGB1 in A549 cells (Scale bar=20 µm). e The EGFP-NLRP3 and OFPSpark-NEK7 fluorescence were examined by immunofluorescence assay (Scale bar=7.5 µm). f Co-IP analysis of the interaction between NEK7 and NLRP3 in A549 cells after treatment with CuB (100 nM) for 24 h in the presence of VX765 (60 µm). g The expression of NLRP3, NEK7, ASC, pro-caspase-1, and cleaved caspase-1 in A549 cells. h, i Immunofluorescence detection of the caspase-1 expression (Scale bar=25 µm) and ASC dot formation in A549 cells (Scale bar=7.5 µm). j Annexin V and 7-AAD double staining assay was used to confirm CuB (100 nM)-induced pyroptosis in A549 cells.
Human Anti Cd133 (Rw03) Scfv Sequence, supplied by GenScript corporation, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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Fig. 2. CuB induced <t>NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD-mediated</t> pyroptosis. a The morphology changes of A549 cells after treatment with CuB (100 nM) for 8 h (Scale bar=25 µm). b The features of pyroptosis in A549 cells were detected by TEM (Scale bar=2 µm). c The expression of GSDMD-FL, GSDMD-N, pro-IL-1β, mature IL-1β, <t>and</t> <t>HMGB1</t> in A549 cells. d Immunofluorescence detection of the expression of HMGB1 in A549 cells (Scale bar=20 µm). e The EGFP-NLRP3 and OFPSpark-NEK7 fluorescence were examined by immunofluorescence assay (Scale bar=7.5 µm). f Co-IP analysis of the interaction between NEK7 and NLRP3 in A549 cells after treatment with CuB (100 nM) for 24 h in the presence of VX765 (60 µm). g The expression of NLRP3, NEK7, ASC, pro-caspase-1, and cleaved caspase-1 in A549 cells. h, i Immunofluorescence detection of the caspase-1 expression (Scale bar=25 µm) and ASC dot formation in A549 cells (Scale bar=7.5 µm). j Annexin V and 7-AAD double staining assay was used to confirm CuB (100 nM)-induced pyroptosis in A549 cells.
Monoclonal Rabbit Antibodies Abs, supplied by Cell Signaling Technology Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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Fig. 2. CuB induced <t>NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD-mediated</t> pyroptosis. a The morphology changes of A549 cells after treatment with CuB (100 nM) for 8 h (Scale bar=25 µm). b The features of pyroptosis in A549 cells were detected by TEM (Scale bar=2 µm). c The expression of GSDMD-FL, GSDMD-N, pro-IL-1β, mature IL-1β, <t>and</t> <t>HMGB1</t> in A549 cells. d Immunofluorescence detection of the expression of HMGB1 in A549 cells (Scale bar=20 µm). e The EGFP-NLRP3 and OFPSpark-NEK7 fluorescence were examined by immunofluorescence assay (Scale bar=7.5 µm). f Co-IP analysis of the interaction between NEK7 and NLRP3 in A549 cells after treatment with CuB (100 nM) for 24 h in the presence of VX765 (60 µm). g The expression of NLRP3, NEK7, ASC, pro-caspase-1, and cleaved caspase-1 in A549 cells. h, i Immunofluorescence detection of the caspase-1 expression (Scale bar=25 µm) and ASC dot formation in A549 cells (Scale bar=7.5 µm). j Annexin V and 7-AAD double staining assay was used to confirm CuB (100 nM)-induced pyroptosis in A549 cells.
Mouse Anti Tubulin Cell Signaling, supplied by Cell Signaling Technology Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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Fig. 2. CuB induced <t>NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD-mediated</t> pyroptosis. a The morphology changes of A549 cells after treatment with CuB (100 nM) for 8 h (Scale bar=25 µm). b The features of pyroptosis in A549 cells were detected by TEM (Scale bar=2 µm). c The expression of GSDMD-FL, GSDMD-N, pro-IL-1β, mature IL-1β, <t>and</t> <t>HMGB1</t> in A549 cells. d Immunofluorescence detection of the expression of HMGB1 in A549 cells (Scale bar=20 µm). e The EGFP-NLRP3 and OFPSpark-NEK7 fluorescence were examined by immunofluorescence assay (Scale bar=7.5 µm). f Co-IP analysis of the interaction between NEK7 and NLRP3 in A549 cells after treatment with CuB (100 nM) for 24 h in the presence of VX765 (60 µm). g The expression of NLRP3, NEK7, ASC, pro-caspase-1, and cleaved caspase-1 in A549 cells. h, i Immunofluorescence detection of the caspase-1 expression (Scale bar=25 µm) and ASC dot formation in A549 cells (Scale bar=7.5 µm). j Annexin V and 7-AAD double staining assay was used to confirm CuB (100 nM)-induced pyroptosis in A549 cells.
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Fig. 2. CuB induced <t>NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD-mediated</t> pyroptosis. a The morphology changes of A549 cells after treatment with CuB (100 nM) for 8 h (Scale bar=25 µm). b The features of pyroptosis in A549 cells were detected by TEM (Scale bar=2 µm). c The expression of GSDMD-FL, GSDMD-N, pro-IL-1β, mature IL-1β, <t>and</t> <t>HMGB1</t> in A549 cells. d Immunofluorescence detection of the expression of HMGB1 in A549 cells (Scale bar=20 µm). e The EGFP-NLRP3 and OFPSpark-NEK7 fluorescence were examined by immunofluorescence assay (Scale bar=7.5 µm). f Co-IP analysis of the interaction between NEK7 and NLRP3 in A549 cells after treatment with CuB (100 nM) for 24 h in the presence of VX765 (60 µm). g The expression of NLRP3, NEK7, ASC, pro-caspase-1, and cleaved caspase-1 in A549 cells. h, i Immunofluorescence detection of the caspase-1 expression (Scale bar=25 µm) and ASC dot formation in A549 cells (Scale bar=7.5 µm). j Annexin V and 7-AAD double staining assay was used to confirm CuB (100 nM)-induced pyroptosis in A549 cells.
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Fig. 1. (A) Hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining for <t>PKCα</t> and claudin-1 in normal pancreatic ducts, well- and poorly differentiated pancreatic carcinomas. Bar: 50 μm. (B and C) Western blotting <t>for</t> <t>pPKCα,</t> panPKCα (PKCα), Snail, claudin-1, -4, -7 and occludin in normal pancreatic duct epithelial cells (hTERT-HPDEs) and pancreatic cancer cell lines HPAC, HPAF-II, BXPC-3 and PANC-1. Snail (1): exposed to X-ray film for 1 min, Snail (2): exposed to X-ray film for 20 min. The corresponding expression levels of B and C are shown as bar graphs. n = 3, *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 versus hTERT-HPDEs.
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Fig. 2. CuB induced NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis. a The morphology changes of A549 cells after treatment with CuB (100 nM) for 8 h (Scale bar=25 µm). b The features of pyroptosis in A549 cells were detected by TEM (Scale bar=2 µm). c The expression of GSDMD-FL, GSDMD-N, pro-IL-1β, mature IL-1β, and HMGB1 in A549 cells. d Immunofluorescence detection of the expression of HMGB1 in A549 cells (Scale bar=20 µm). e The EGFP-NLRP3 and OFPSpark-NEK7 fluorescence were examined by immunofluorescence assay (Scale bar=7.5 µm). f Co-IP analysis of the interaction between NEK7 and NLRP3 in A549 cells after treatment with CuB (100 nM) for 24 h in the presence of VX765 (60 µm). g The expression of NLRP3, NEK7, ASC, pro-caspase-1, and cleaved caspase-1 in A549 cells. h, i Immunofluorescence detection of the caspase-1 expression (Scale bar=25 µm) and ASC dot formation in A549 cells (Scale bar=7.5 µm). j Annexin V and 7-AAD double staining assay was used to confirm CuB (100 nM)-induced pyroptosis in A549 cells.

Journal: Pharmacological research

Article Title: Cucurbitacin B inhibits non-small cell lung cancer in vivo and in vitro by triggering TLR4/NLRP3/GSDMD-dependent pyroptosis.

doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105748

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 2. CuB induced NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis. a The morphology changes of A549 cells after treatment with CuB (100 nM) for 8 h (Scale bar=25 µm). b The features of pyroptosis in A549 cells were detected by TEM (Scale bar=2 µm). c The expression of GSDMD-FL, GSDMD-N, pro-IL-1β, mature IL-1β, and HMGB1 in A549 cells. d Immunofluorescence detection of the expression of HMGB1 in A549 cells (Scale bar=20 µm). e The EGFP-NLRP3 and OFPSpark-NEK7 fluorescence were examined by immunofluorescence assay (Scale bar=7.5 µm). f Co-IP analysis of the interaction between NEK7 and NLRP3 in A549 cells after treatment with CuB (100 nM) for 24 h in the presence of VX765 (60 µm). g The expression of NLRP3, NEK7, ASC, pro-caspase-1, and cleaved caspase-1 in A549 cells. h, i Immunofluorescence detection of the caspase-1 expression (Scale bar=25 µm) and ASC dot formation in A549 cells (Scale bar=7.5 µm). j Annexin V and 7-AAD double staining assay was used to confirm CuB (100 nM)-induced pyroptosis in A549 cells.

Article Snippet: Antibodies for GSDMD (#93709), GAPDH (#8884), HMGB1 (#3935), cleaved-IL-1β (#83186), NLRP3 (#15101), cleaved-caspase1 (#4199), ASC (#13833), IL-1β (#12703), Gasdermin D (#93709), Tom20 (#42406), and the secondary antibodies including horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (#7074) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (CST, Danvers, MA, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Immunofluorescence, Fluorescence, Co-Immunoprecipitation Assay, Double Staining

Fig. 3. ROS promoted accumulation of pyroptosis-related Tom20. a JC-1 kit was used to examine the MMP levels in A549 cells (Scale bar=25 µm). b, c ROS level was analyzed by flow cytometry in A549 cells (n ≥3, ***P<0.001 vs CuB; ###P<0.001 vs control group). d Effect of NAC on morphological feature changes in A549 cells (Scale bar=25 µm). e Western blotting analysis of the expression of GSDMD-FL, GSDMD-N, pro-IL-1β, mature IL-1β, pro-caspase-1 and cleaved caspase-1 in A549 cells. f Annexin V and 7-AAD double staining assay was used to identify the inhibition of NAC CuB-induced pyroptosis by NAC in A549 cells. g Immunofluorescence detection of the expression of mitochondrial protein Tom20 in A549 cells (Scale bar=10 µm). h The cell viability in Tom 20 knockdown A549 cells (n ≥3, ***P<0.001 vs CuB; ###P<0.001 vs si-Ctrl group).

Journal: Pharmacological research

Article Title: Cucurbitacin B inhibits non-small cell lung cancer in vivo and in vitro by triggering TLR4/NLRP3/GSDMD-dependent pyroptosis.

doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105748

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 3. ROS promoted accumulation of pyroptosis-related Tom20. a JC-1 kit was used to examine the MMP levels in A549 cells (Scale bar=25 µm). b, c ROS level was analyzed by flow cytometry in A549 cells (n ≥3, ***P<0.001 vs CuB; ###P<0.001 vs control group). d Effect of NAC on morphological feature changes in A549 cells (Scale bar=25 µm). e Western blotting analysis of the expression of GSDMD-FL, GSDMD-N, pro-IL-1β, mature IL-1β, pro-caspase-1 and cleaved caspase-1 in A549 cells. f Annexin V and 7-AAD double staining assay was used to identify the inhibition of NAC CuB-induced pyroptosis by NAC in A549 cells. g Immunofluorescence detection of the expression of mitochondrial protein Tom20 in A549 cells (Scale bar=10 µm). h The cell viability in Tom 20 knockdown A549 cells (n ≥3, ***P<0.001 vs CuB; ###P<0.001 vs si-Ctrl group).

Article Snippet: Antibodies for GSDMD (#93709), GAPDH (#8884), HMGB1 (#3935), cleaved-IL-1β (#83186), NLRP3 (#15101), cleaved-caspase1 (#4199), ASC (#13833), IL-1β (#12703), Gasdermin D (#93709), Tom20 (#42406), and the secondary antibodies including horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (#7074) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (CST, Danvers, MA, USA).

Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Control, Western Blot, Expressing, Double Staining, Inhibition, Immunofluorescence, Knockdown

Fig. 4. Cytosolic calcium accumulation was essential for CuB-induced pyroptosis. a, b Effect of BAPTA-AM (10 μM) or VX765 (60 µm) on Ca2+ levels in A549 cells (n ≥3, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 vs CuB; ###P<0.001 vs control group). c The process of the increase of Ca2+ levels in A549 cells was detected by using a Bio Tek CYTATION5 (Scale bar=25 µm). d Immunofluorescence assay was used to examine the expression of Ca2+ fluorescence (Scale bar=7.5 µm). e Effect of BAPTA-AM on the LDH release in A549 cells (n ≥3, ***P<0.001 vs CuB; ###P<0.001 vs control group). f Annexin V/7-AAD double staining assay was used to identify the inhibition of CuB-induced pyroptosis by BAPTA-AM in A549 cells. g The expression of GSDMD-FL, GSDMD-N, pro-IL-1β, mature IL-1β, pro-caspase-1 and cleaved caspase-1 in A549 cells.

Journal: Pharmacological research

Article Title: Cucurbitacin B inhibits non-small cell lung cancer in vivo and in vitro by triggering TLR4/NLRP3/GSDMD-dependent pyroptosis.

doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105748

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 4. Cytosolic calcium accumulation was essential for CuB-induced pyroptosis. a, b Effect of BAPTA-AM (10 μM) or VX765 (60 µm) on Ca2+ levels in A549 cells (n ≥3, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 vs CuB; ###P<0.001 vs control group). c The process of the increase of Ca2+ levels in A549 cells was detected by using a Bio Tek CYTATION5 (Scale bar=25 µm). d Immunofluorescence assay was used to examine the expression of Ca2+ fluorescence (Scale bar=7.5 µm). e Effect of BAPTA-AM on the LDH release in A549 cells (n ≥3, ***P<0.001 vs CuB; ###P<0.001 vs control group). f Annexin V/7-AAD double staining assay was used to identify the inhibition of CuB-induced pyroptosis by BAPTA-AM in A549 cells. g The expression of GSDMD-FL, GSDMD-N, pro-IL-1β, mature IL-1β, pro-caspase-1 and cleaved caspase-1 in A549 cells.

Article Snippet: Antibodies for GSDMD (#93709), GAPDH (#8884), HMGB1 (#3935), cleaved-IL-1β (#83186), NLRP3 (#15101), cleaved-caspase1 (#4199), ASC (#13833), IL-1β (#12703), Gasdermin D (#93709), Tom20 (#42406), and the secondary antibodies including horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (#7074) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (CST, Danvers, MA, USA).

Techniques: Control, Immunofluorescence, Expressing, Fluorescence, Double Staining, Inhibition

Fig. 5. TLR4 activation promoted the CuB-induced pyroptosis. a The protein expression of TLR4 in A549 cells. b The molecular docking data of CuB on TLR4 dimer were analyzed by using autodock software. c CETSA-WB experiment to further confirm that CuB targeted TLR4 proteins. d The expression of GSDMD-FL, GSDMD-N, pro-IL-1β, mature IL-1β, pro-caspase-1, and cleaved caspase-1 in A549 cells. e Annexin V/7-AAD double staining assay was used to identify the inhi bition of CuB-induced pyroptosis by TAK242 in A549 cells. f The protein expression of TLR4 in A549 cells. g, h The cell viability and LDH activity in TLR4 knockdown A549 cells (n ≥3, *** P<0.001 vs CuB; ###P<0.001 vs NC group). i, j Mitochondrial ROS and cytosolic Ca2+ levels were detected by flow cytometry in A549 cells (n ≥3, ***P<0.001 vs CuB; ###P<0.001 vs NC group).

Journal: Pharmacological research

Article Title: Cucurbitacin B inhibits non-small cell lung cancer in vivo and in vitro by triggering TLR4/NLRP3/GSDMD-dependent pyroptosis.

doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105748

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 5. TLR4 activation promoted the CuB-induced pyroptosis. a The protein expression of TLR4 in A549 cells. b The molecular docking data of CuB on TLR4 dimer were analyzed by using autodock software. c CETSA-WB experiment to further confirm that CuB targeted TLR4 proteins. d The expression of GSDMD-FL, GSDMD-N, pro-IL-1β, mature IL-1β, pro-caspase-1, and cleaved caspase-1 in A549 cells. e Annexin V/7-AAD double staining assay was used to identify the inhi bition of CuB-induced pyroptosis by TAK242 in A549 cells. f The protein expression of TLR4 in A549 cells. g, h The cell viability and LDH activity in TLR4 knockdown A549 cells (n ≥3, *** P<0.001 vs CuB; ###P<0.001 vs NC group). i, j Mitochondrial ROS and cytosolic Ca2+ levels were detected by flow cytometry in A549 cells (n ≥3, ***P<0.001 vs CuB; ###P<0.001 vs NC group).

Article Snippet: Antibodies for GSDMD (#93709), GAPDH (#8884), HMGB1 (#3935), cleaved-IL-1β (#83186), NLRP3 (#15101), cleaved-caspase1 (#4199), ASC (#13833), IL-1β (#12703), Gasdermin D (#93709), Tom20 (#42406), and the secondary antibodies including horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (#7074) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (CST, Danvers, MA, USA).

Techniques: Activation Assay, Expressing, Software, Double Staining, Activity Assay, Knockdown, Flow Cytometry

Fig. 7. CuB induced lung cancer cells pyroptosis in mouse models. a HE staining of heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney tissues in indicated groups (HE, original magnification, 200×, Scale bar=50 µm). b, c The mitochondrial ROS and cytosolic Ca2+ levels in tumor cells were detected by flow cytometry (n ≥3, ***P<0.001 vs model group, ###P<0.001 vs CuB 0.75 mg/kg group). d, e The protein expressions of TLR4, NEK7, NLRP3, ASC, Tom20, GSDMD-FL, GSDMD-N, pro-IL-1β, mature IL- 1β, pro-caspase-1, cleaved caspase-1and HMGB1 in tumor tissues were detected by western blotting.

Journal: Pharmacological research

Article Title: Cucurbitacin B inhibits non-small cell lung cancer in vivo and in vitro by triggering TLR4/NLRP3/GSDMD-dependent pyroptosis.

doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105748

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 7. CuB induced lung cancer cells pyroptosis in mouse models. a HE staining of heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney tissues in indicated groups (HE, original magnification, 200×, Scale bar=50 µm). b, c The mitochondrial ROS and cytosolic Ca2+ levels in tumor cells were detected by flow cytometry (n ≥3, ***P<0.001 vs model group, ###P<0.001 vs CuB 0.75 mg/kg group). d, e The protein expressions of TLR4, NEK7, NLRP3, ASC, Tom20, GSDMD-FL, GSDMD-N, pro-IL-1β, mature IL- 1β, pro-caspase-1, cleaved caspase-1and HMGB1 in tumor tissues were detected by western blotting.

Article Snippet: Antibodies for GSDMD (#93709), GAPDH (#8884), HMGB1 (#3935), cleaved-IL-1β (#83186), NLRP3 (#15101), cleaved-caspase1 (#4199), ASC (#13833), IL-1β (#12703), Gasdermin D (#93709), Tom20 (#42406), and the secondary antibodies including horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (#7074) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (CST, Danvers, MA, USA).

Techniques: Staining, Flow Cytometry, Western Blot

Fig. 1. (A) Hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining for PKCα and claudin-1 in normal pancreatic ducts, well- and poorly differentiated pancreatic carcinomas. Bar: 50 μm. (B and C) Western blotting for pPKCα, panPKCα (PKCα), Snail, claudin-1, -4, -7 and occludin in normal pancreatic duct epithelial cells (hTERT-HPDEs) and pancreatic cancer cell lines HPAC, HPAF-II, BXPC-3 and PANC-1. Snail (1): exposed to X-ray film for 1 min, Snail (2): exposed to X-ray film for 20 min. The corresponding expression levels of B and C are shown as bar graphs. n = 3, *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 versus hTERT-HPDEs.

Journal: Carcinogenesis

Article Title: Protein kinase Cα inhibitor protects against downregulation of claudin-1 during epithelial-mesenchymal transition of pancreatic cancer.

doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgt057

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 1. (A) Hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining for PKCα and claudin-1 in normal pancreatic ducts, well- and poorly differentiated pancreatic carcinomas. Bar: 50 μm. (B and C) Western blotting for pPKCα, panPKCα (PKCα), Snail, claudin-1, -4, -7 and occludin in normal pancreatic duct epithelial cells (hTERT-HPDEs) and pancreatic cancer cell lines HPAC, HPAF-II, BXPC-3 and PANC-1. Snail (1): exposed to X-ray film for 1 min, Snail (2): exposed to X-ray film for 20 min. The corresponding expression levels of B and C are shown as bar graphs. n = 3, *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 versus hTERT-HPDEs.

Article Snippet: Rabbit polyclonal anti-Snail, anti-phospho-PKCα (pPKCα) and PKCα antibodies were obtained Abbreviations: EMT, epithelial–mesenchymal transition; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; FBS, fetal bovine serum; HPDEs, human pancreatic duct epithelial cells; hTERT, telomerase reverse transcriptase; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase; mRNA, messenger RNA; NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappaB; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PKC, protein kinase C; pMAPK, phospho-MAPK; pPKCα, phospho-PKCα; siRNA, small interference RNA; TER, transepithelial electrical resistance; TGF-β1, transforming growth factor-β1; TPA, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate. at U niversity of Illinois at U rbana-C ham paign on M arch 16, 2015 http://carcin.oxfordjournals.org/ D ow nloaded from from Cell Signaling (Beverly, MA).

Techniques: Staining, Immunohistochemical staining, Western Blot, Expressing

Fig. 2. (A) Western blotting for Snail, claudin-1, -4, -7 and occludin in PANC-1 cells after treatment with 0–2 μg/ml Gö6976 for 24 h. (B) Real-time PCR for Snail, claudin-1 and occludin in PANC-1 cells after treatment with 0–2 μg/ml Gö6976 for 24 h. (C) Western blotting for claudin-1, -4, -7 and occludin in hTERT- HPDEs after treatment with 1 and 2 μg/ml Gö6976 for 24 h. (D) Real-time PCR for claudin-1, -4, -7 and occludin in hTERT-HPDEs after treatment with 1 μg/ ml Gö6976 for 24 h. (E) TER values in hTERT-HPDEs after treatment with 1 μg/ml Gö6976 for 24 h. iPKCα: PKCα inhibitor Gö6976. n = 3, *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 versus control (0 μg/ml).

Journal: Carcinogenesis

Article Title: Protein kinase Cα inhibitor protects against downregulation of claudin-1 during epithelial-mesenchymal transition of pancreatic cancer.

doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgt057

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 2. (A) Western blotting for Snail, claudin-1, -4, -7 and occludin in PANC-1 cells after treatment with 0–2 μg/ml Gö6976 for 24 h. (B) Real-time PCR for Snail, claudin-1 and occludin in PANC-1 cells after treatment with 0–2 μg/ml Gö6976 for 24 h. (C) Western blotting for claudin-1, -4, -7 and occludin in hTERT- HPDEs after treatment with 1 and 2 μg/ml Gö6976 for 24 h. (D) Real-time PCR for claudin-1, -4, -7 and occludin in hTERT-HPDEs after treatment with 1 μg/ ml Gö6976 for 24 h. (E) TER values in hTERT-HPDEs after treatment with 1 μg/ml Gö6976 for 24 h. iPKCα: PKCα inhibitor Gö6976. n = 3, *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 versus control (0 μg/ml).

Article Snippet: Rabbit polyclonal anti-Snail, anti-phospho-PKCα (pPKCα) and PKCα antibodies were obtained Abbreviations: EMT, epithelial–mesenchymal transition; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; FBS, fetal bovine serum; HPDEs, human pancreatic duct epithelial cells; hTERT, telomerase reverse transcriptase; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase; mRNA, messenger RNA; NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappaB; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PKC, protein kinase C; pMAPK, phospho-MAPK; pPKCα, phospho-PKCα; siRNA, small interference RNA; TER, transepithelial electrical resistance; TGF-β1, transforming growth factor-β1; TPA, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate. at U niversity of Illinois at U rbana-C ham paign on M arch 16, 2015 http://carcin.oxfordjournals.org/ D ow nloaded from from Cell Signaling (Beverly, MA).

Techniques: Western Blot, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Control

Fig. 3. Western blotting for pMAPK and panMAPK (MAPK) in PANC-1 cells (A) and hTERT-HPDEs (B) after treatment with 0–2 μg/ml Gö6976 for 24 h. Western blotting for claudin-1, occludin, pMAPK, MAPK and Snail in PANC-1 cells (C) and hTERT-HPDEs (D) pretreated with 20 μM MAPK/ERK inhibitor U0126 before treatment with 1 μg/ml Gö6976 for 24 h. Western blotting for claudin-1 in PANC-1 cells (E) and hTERT-HPDEs (F) pretreated with 20 μM MAPK/ERK inhibitor U0126, 10 μM p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 (SB), 10 μM PI3K inhibitor LY294002 (LY), 10 μM panPKC inhibitor GF109203X (GF), 10 μM JNK inhibitor SP600125 (SP) and 0.1 μM NF-κB inhibitor IMD-0354 (IMD) before treatment with 1 μg/ml PKCα inhibitor Gö6976 for 24 h. iPKCα: PKCα inhibitor Gö6976.

Journal: Carcinogenesis

Article Title: Protein kinase Cα inhibitor protects against downregulation of claudin-1 during epithelial-mesenchymal transition of pancreatic cancer.

doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgt057

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 3. Western blotting for pMAPK and panMAPK (MAPK) in PANC-1 cells (A) and hTERT-HPDEs (B) after treatment with 0–2 μg/ml Gö6976 for 24 h. Western blotting for claudin-1, occludin, pMAPK, MAPK and Snail in PANC-1 cells (C) and hTERT-HPDEs (D) pretreated with 20 μM MAPK/ERK inhibitor U0126 before treatment with 1 μg/ml Gö6976 for 24 h. Western blotting for claudin-1 in PANC-1 cells (E) and hTERT-HPDEs (F) pretreated with 20 μM MAPK/ERK inhibitor U0126, 10 μM p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 (SB), 10 μM PI3K inhibitor LY294002 (LY), 10 μM panPKC inhibitor GF109203X (GF), 10 μM JNK inhibitor SP600125 (SP) and 0.1 μM NF-κB inhibitor IMD-0354 (IMD) before treatment with 1 μg/ml PKCα inhibitor Gö6976 for 24 h. iPKCα: PKCα inhibitor Gö6976.

Article Snippet: Rabbit polyclonal anti-Snail, anti-phospho-PKCα (pPKCα) and PKCα antibodies were obtained Abbreviations: EMT, epithelial–mesenchymal transition; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; FBS, fetal bovine serum; HPDEs, human pancreatic duct epithelial cells; hTERT, telomerase reverse transcriptase; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase; mRNA, messenger RNA; NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappaB; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PKC, protein kinase C; pMAPK, phospho-MAPK; pPKCα, phospho-PKCα; siRNA, small interference RNA; TER, transepithelial electrical resistance; TGF-β1, transforming growth factor-β1; TPA, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate. at U niversity of Illinois at U rbana-C ham paign on M arch 16, 2015 http://carcin.oxfordjournals.org/ D ow nloaded from from Cell Signaling (Beverly, MA).

Techniques: Western Blot

Fig. 4. (A) Western blotting for Snail, pPKCα, panPKCα (PKCα), pMAPK, panMAPK (MAPK), claudin-1, -4, -7 and occludin in PANC-1 cells after treatment with 100 ng/ml TGF-β1 for 24 and 48 h. (B) Western blotting for claudin-1, -4, -7, occludin, Snail, PKCα, pMAPK and MAPK in hTERT-HPDEs after treatment with 20 ng/ml TGF-β1 for 24 and 48 h. (C) Western blotting for Snail and claudin-1 in PANC-1 cells treated with siRNAs of Snail. (D) Western blotting for Snail and claudin-1 in PANC-1 cells treated with siRNAs of Snail and 100 ng/ml TGF-β1 for 48 h. Control cells in Figure 4C and D are transfected with a scrambled siRNA. KD: knockdown.

Journal: Carcinogenesis

Article Title: Protein kinase Cα inhibitor protects against downregulation of claudin-1 during epithelial-mesenchymal transition of pancreatic cancer.

doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgt057

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 4. (A) Western blotting for Snail, pPKCα, panPKCα (PKCα), pMAPK, panMAPK (MAPK), claudin-1, -4, -7 and occludin in PANC-1 cells after treatment with 100 ng/ml TGF-β1 for 24 and 48 h. (B) Western blotting for claudin-1, -4, -7, occludin, Snail, PKCα, pMAPK and MAPK in hTERT-HPDEs after treatment with 20 ng/ml TGF-β1 for 24 and 48 h. (C) Western blotting for Snail and claudin-1 in PANC-1 cells treated with siRNAs of Snail. (D) Western blotting for Snail and claudin-1 in PANC-1 cells treated with siRNAs of Snail and 100 ng/ml TGF-β1 for 48 h. Control cells in Figure 4C and D are transfected with a scrambled siRNA. KD: knockdown.

Article Snippet: Rabbit polyclonal anti-Snail, anti-phospho-PKCα (pPKCα) and PKCα antibodies were obtained Abbreviations: EMT, epithelial–mesenchymal transition; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; FBS, fetal bovine serum; HPDEs, human pancreatic duct epithelial cells; hTERT, telomerase reverse transcriptase; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase; mRNA, messenger RNA; NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappaB; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PKC, protein kinase C; pMAPK, phospho-MAPK; pPKCα, phospho-PKCα; siRNA, small interference RNA; TER, transepithelial electrical resistance; TGF-β1, transforming growth factor-β1; TPA, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate. at U niversity of Illinois at U rbana-C ham paign on M arch 16, 2015 http://carcin.oxfordjournals.org/ D ow nloaded from from Cell Signaling (Beverly, MA).

Techniques: Western Blot, Control, Transfection, Knockdown

Fig. 5. (A) Western blotting for Snail, claudin-1, -4, -7, occludin, pMAPK and panMAPK (MAPK) in PANC-1 cells pretreated with 1 μg/ml Gö6976 before treatment with 100 ng/ml TGF-β1 for 24 h. (B) Western blotting for claudin-1, -4, -7, occludin, Snail, panPKCα (PKCα), pMAPK and MAPK in hTERT-HPDEs pretreated with 1 μg/ml Gö6976 before treatment with 20 ng/ml TGF-β1 for 24 h. (C) Western blotting for Snail, claudin-1, occludin, pPKCα, PKCα, pMAPK and MAPK in PANC-1 cells with or without 1 μg/ml Gö6976 under hypoxia for 24 h. (D) Western blotting for claudin-1, -4, -7, occludin, pMAPK, MAPK and Snail in hTERT-HPDEs with or without 1 μg/ml Gö6976 under hypoxia for 24 h. iPKCα: PKCα inhibitor Gö6976.

Journal: Carcinogenesis

Article Title: Protein kinase Cα inhibitor protects against downregulation of claudin-1 during epithelial-mesenchymal transition of pancreatic cancer.

doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgt057

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 5. (A) Western blotting for Snail, claudin-1, -4, -7, occludin, pMAPK and panMAPK (MAPK) in PANC-1 cells pretreated with 1 μg/ml Gö6976 before treatment with 100 ng/ml TGF-β1 for 24 h. (B) Western blotting for claudin-1, -4, -7, occludin, Snail, panPKCα (PKCα), pMAPK and MAPK in hTERT-HPDEs pretreated with 1 μg/ml Gö6976 before treatment with 20 ng/ml TGF-β1 for 24 h. (C) Western blotting for Snail, claudin-1, occludin, pPKCα, PKCα, pMAPK and MAPK in PANC-1 cells with or without 1 μg/ml Gö6976 under hypoxia for 24 h. (D) Western blotting for claudin-1, -4, -7, occludin, pMAPK, MAPK and Snail in hTERT-HPDEs with or without 1 μg/ml Gö6976 under hypoxia for 24 h. iPKCα: PKCα inhibitor Gö6976.

Article Snippet: Rabbit polyclonal anti-Snail, anti-phospho-PKCα (pPKCα) and PKCα antibodies were obtained Abbreviations: EMT, epithelial–mesenchymal transition; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; FBS, fetal bovine serum; HPDEs, human pancreatic duct epithelial cells; hTERT, telomerase reverse transcriptase; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase; mRNA, messenger RNA; NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappaB; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PKC, protein kinase C; pMAPK, phospho-MAPK; pPKCα, phospho-PKCα; siRNA, small interference RNA; TER, transepithelial electrical resistance; TGF-β1, transforming growth factor-β1; TPA, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate. at U niversity of Illinois at U rbana-C ham paign on M arch 16, 2015 http://carcin.oxfordjournals.org/ D ow nloaded from from Cell Signaling (Beverly, MA).

Techniques: Western Blot

Fig. 6. (A) Western blotting for Snail, pPKCα, panPKCα (PKCα), claudin-1, -4, -7 and occludin in HPAC cells after treatment with 100 μg/ml TGF-β1 for 24 and 48 h. (B) Western blotting for Snail, pPKCα, PKCα, claudin-1, -4, -7 and occludin in HPAC cells pretreated with 1 μg/ml Gö6976 before treatment with 100 ng/ml TGF-β1 for 24 h. (C) TER values in HPAC cells pretreated with 100 ng/ml TGF-β1 for 24 h with or without 1 μg/ml Gö6976. (D) Fence function examined by diffusion of labeled BODIPY-sphingomyelin into HPAC cells pretreated with 100 ng/ml TGF-β1 for 24 h with or without 1 μg/ml Gö6976. In HPAC cells treated with TGF-β1, the probe strongly labels the basolateral surface and appears to penetrate the cells (arrowheads), whereas the probe is effectively retained in the apical domain of the control cells and the cells were treated with TGF-β1 and Gö6976. Bar: 20 μm. iPKCα: PKCα inhibitor Gö6976.

Journal: Carcinogenesis

Article Title: Protein kinase Cα inhibitor protects against downregulation of claudin-1 during epithelial-mesenchymal transition of pancreatic cancer.

doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgt057

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 6. (A) Western blotting for Snail, pPKCα, panPKCα (PKCα), claudin-1, -4, -7 and occludin in HPAC cells after treatment with 100 μg/ml TGF-β1 for 24 and 48 h. (B) Western blotting for Snail, pPKCα, PKCα, claudin-1, -4, -7 and occludin in HPAC cells pretreated with 1 μg/ml Gö6976 before treatment with 100 ng/ml TGF-β1 for 24 h. (C) TER values in HPAC cells pretreated with 100 ng/ml TGF-β1 for 24 h with or without 1 μg/ml Gö6976. (D) Fence function examined by diffusion of labeled BODIPY-sphingomyelin into HPAC cells pretreated with 100 ng/ml TGF-β1 for 24 h with or without 1 μg/ml Gö6976. In HPAC cells treated with TGF-β1, the probe strongly labels the basolateral surface and appears to penetrate the cells (arrowheads), whereas the probe is effectively retained in the apical domain of the control cells and the cells were treated with TGF-β1 and Gö6976. Bar: 20 μm. iPKCα: PKCα inhibitor Gö6976.

Article Snippet: Rabbit polyclonal anti-Snail, anti-phospho-PKCα (pPKCα) and PKCα antibodies were obtained Abbreviations: EMT, epithelial–mesenchymal transition; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; FBS, fetal bovine serum; HPDEs, human pancreatic duct epithelial cells; hTERT, telomerase reverse transcriptase; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase; mRNA, messenger RNA; NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappaB; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PKC, protein kinase C; pMAPK, phospho-MAPK; pPKCα, phospho-PKCα; siRNA, small interference RNA; TER, transepithelial electrical resistance; TGF-β1, transforming growth factor-β1; TPA, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate. at U niversity of Illinois at U rbana-C ham paign on M arch 16, 2015 http://carcin.oxfordjournals.org/ D ow nloaded from from Cell Signaling (Beverly, MA).

Techniques: Western Blot, Diffusion-based Assay, Labeling, Control